During chemical reactions, atoms in the reacting substances break their bonds and re-arrange, forming different chemical ...

A group of researchers from Ehime University investigated valence electron configurations using light, expanding on prior studies of superconductors and quantum spin liquids. The findings were ...

Valence electrons -- those residing in an atom's outermost shell and engaging in bonding with other atoms -- proved to be a pivotal factor. By using metals with a higher valence electron count, the ...

For the first time, scientists visualized how electrons behave during a chemical reaction, which could help reduce unwanted byproducts in future chemistry. When you purchase through links on our site, ...

Using synchrotron infrared light and near-infrared/visible lasers without applying a magnetic field, we observed the response of valence electrons in the (C₂H₅)(CH₃)₃As[Pd(C₃S₅)₂]₂ crystal. The ...

The Nature Index 2025 Research Leaders — previously known as Annual Tables — reveal the leading institutions and countries/territories in the natural and health sciences, according to their output in ...