Across all domains of life, immune defenses foil invading viruses by making it impossible for the viruses to replicate. Most known CRISPR systems target invading pathogens' DNA and chop it up to ...

This is a summary of: Liu. H. et al. Viral RNA blocks circularization to evade host codon usage control. Nature https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09809-y (2025).

Nucleosomes are barriers to RNA Polymerase II (Pol II) transcribing along gene bodies in eukaryotes. We found that a fragile “tailless nucleosome” could be generated to resolve the Pol II pausing ...

Mixing protein powder with milk creates a creamier shake with more nutrients. Water is low in calories and easy to digest, making it a good choice for weight loss. Plant-based protein powders need ...

The study presents valuable findings of an optimized E. coli cell-free protein synthesis (eCFPS) system that has been simplified by reducing the number of core components from 35 to 7; furthermore, ...