Friction-induced infiltration of aluminum into nickel–cobalt–manganese (NCM) cathode crystals: During mechanical disassembly of spent LIBs in the recycling process, residual aluminum foil undergoes ...
The growing demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in electric vehicles and energy storage systems poses risks to raw material supply. Recycling end-of-life LIBs is critical to supporting the future ...