Otosclerosis is one of many hearing disorders found only in humans, affecting the otic capsule. It occurs when the joints between the ossicles in the middle ear become hardened with age. The formation ...

The vertebrate ear is a remarkable structure. Tightly encapsulated within the densest bone of the skeleton, it comprises the smallest elements of the vertebrate skeleton (auditory ossicles) and gives ...

The three smallest bones in the human body are the middle ear ossicles—the malleus, incus, and stapes—more commonly known as the hammer, anvil, and stirrup. "The hammer is arranged so that one end is ...

Mammals have also a remarkable capacity in their sense of hearing, from the high-frequency echolocation calls of bats to low frequency whale songs. Assuming that these adaptations have a root genetic ...