Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is defined as underdevelopment of the structures of the left side of the heart, which includes the mitral valve, left ventricle, aortic valve, and aortic arch.

Hypoplasia refers to a lack of cells in an organ or tissue. It can cause a range of different symptoms depending on where in the body it occurs. It typically affects how tissues or organs function.

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a rare but severe cardiac malformation that is invariably fatal without treatment. It is characterized by the failure of the left side of the heart to develop ...

To describe a case of cervical myelopathy caused by hypoplasia of the atlas with situs inversus totalis, and to briefly review the pertinent literature. The history, results of examination, and ...